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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    36
  • Pages: 

    353-374
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    26
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

THE Rohingya people are THE native inhabitants of Arakan (Rakhine) land in Myanmar, who have faced a series of crimes by THE Myanmar army and government. Based on THE norms and regulations of international and customary international LAW and THE principles of international criminal LAW and considering THE incidents that occurred against THE religious minority group of Rohingya Muslims, THE continuous violation of human rights and THE occurrence of THE crime of genocide by THE Myanmar government are a matter of fact. THEre are numerous examples of deliberate actions, which prove THE governmental steps to eliminate THE Rohingya group, and deliberate measures, which cause THE international responsibility of THE Myanmar government. Iran has raised three specific positions regarding THE Rohingya Muslim crisis.THE major question of THE research is to evaluate THE occurrence or non-occurrence of violations of international criminal LAW, THE crimes of genocide, and crimes against humanity by THE Myanmar army and government against THE Muslim minority in Rakhine state.THE hypoTHEsis emphasizes THE definite occurrence of violations of humanitarian LAW and international criminal LAW, especially committing crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity. THE purpose of THE research is to examine one of THE important cases of violation of Muslim rights in today's world, which has not been noticed by international legal societies. It tries to discuss briefly THE Iranian positions on THE Issue. THE analytical-descriptive research method is based on official docs and undeniable facts, especially THE documents issued by THE International Criminal Court.

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Journal: 

طب و تزکیه

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    41
  • Pages: 

    97-103
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1496
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

پزشکان و صاحبان حرف پزشکی معالج که دارای اجازه طبابت می باشند، در صورت رعایت عدم موازین علمی و فنی و نظامات دولتی (بطور جمع و یا هر یک از آنها بطور جداگانه) برحسب میزان و درصد سهل انگاری و یا قصور انجام شده، مسوول پرداخت خون بهای بیمار یا دیه او خواهند بود.هر نوع درمان و عمل جراحی مشروع که با انگیزه شفای بیمار و با رعایت موارد فوق الذکر انجام گردد و قبل از آن رضایت بیمار و یا اولیای وی اخذ شده باشد و هیچ گونه بی احتیاطی و بی مبالاتی انجام نگیرد. به استناد بند دوم ماده 59 و ماده 60 و ماده 322 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1370 که قانون گذار رضایت بیمار و یا اولیای وی را شرط صحت عمل پزشک و یا جراح دانسته است با اخذ اذن و برائت نامه از بیماران و یا اولیای آنها در مورد غیراورژانسی، پزشکان را بری الذمه خواهد نمود مسلم است که اگر پزشک و یا جراح از اخذ رضایت نامه مذکور که بایستی آگاهانه (Informed consent) نیز باشد امتناع ورزد، عملش واجد وصف مجرمانه بوده و از نظر قانونی قابل تعقیب و مجازات می باشد. علاوه بر موارد قانونی فوق الذکر از بند سوم ماده 42 قانون مجازات عمومی اصلاحی سال 1352 نیز می توان استنباط کرد که هر نوع عمل جراحی یا طبی که با رضایت صاحبان حق و با رعایت نظامات دولتی انجام شود فاقد وصف مجرمانه خواهد بود و بدین ترتیب نه تنها پزشک مسوولیت کیفری نخواهد داشت، بلکه مسوولیت مدنی نیز منتفی خواهد بود.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    192-220
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    30
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite LAWs promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. THE study explores THE reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and THE changes made to THE Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. THE Article seeks to bridge THE research gaps by comparing THE experiences of Iranian children with those in oTHEr countries affected by Islamic LAW. THE study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine THE legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and THE discrimination THEy face. THE Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic LAW, a review of THE Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on THE necessity of substantial positive change. THE Article ultimately recommends THE eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and THE advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of THEir lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with THE goal of promoting positive changes in THEir treatment.

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Author(s): 

Heydarian dolatabadi Mohammadj avad | Aliakbari Babukani Ehsan

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    25
  • Pages: 

    152-191
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    10
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Competition LAW is a newcomer to THE legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of THE issues of competition LAW. THE difference in supervision and regulation determines how THE market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on THE principle of non-intervention in THE market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, wheTHEr as a rule or an exception, is based on THE assertion that THE market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. THErefore, THE government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing THE description method. In this article THE author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to THE market. THEn, by defining THE supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from THE regulatory institutions, THE author considers THE characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and THE U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for THE native system.

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Writer: 

Issue Info: 
  • End Date: 

    1395
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    391
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 391

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    79-101
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    312
  • Downloads: 

    23
Abstract: 

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    235-252
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    144
  • Downloads: 

    24
Abstract: 

Purpose: Something that happens in THE future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about THE future. THE perception of young people from THE future and THEir conception of THE future is very important. THE purpose of this study was to imaging THE future of sports science from THE perspective of educated youth. Method: THE method of THE present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. THE statistical population of THE study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and THE snowball sampling method was used for interviews and THEoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze THE data, THE content analysis method has been used to obtain THE information of this research. Findings: THE results show THE future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in THE sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from THE ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing THE mental images of THE youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards THE dystopia if THE current situation continues, and it can move towards THE utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, THE stakeholders of sports sciences need to be togeTHEr and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    15
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    167-183
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    25
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Sea shells are natural-biological objects. THEy are embedded in geological layers in THE form of fossils, but also, to find in archaeological deposits as a result of human activities. Archaeologists can use THE provenance of shells in THE functional analysis of ancient sites in terms of social archeology and prehistoric trading activities. Aarcheological excavations in several sites of THE Iranian Plateau have shown that from THE 3rd third millennium B.C. onwards, finds of of sea shells (e.g. Lambis, Dentalium, etc.) rapidely increased. Such shells were for instance discovered from ritual cemetery contexts such as Shahdad, Tepe Hesar, Kale Nisar cemeteries or Bani Surma. THEse objects are mainly used as natural or polished shells. In some cases, THEy served as a raw material for making all kinds of beads, buttons, and oTHEr ornamental objects.. THE main question is to understand THE relationship between THE use of seashells and archaeological context, and also, THEir role in Bronze Age ritual life. In this article, THE descriptive, analytical method has been used in THE biological recognition of all types of shells. This method is also used based on similar studies on this issue in Mesopotamia's archeology of THE Sumerian-Akkadian period. THE distribution of recognizable species shows that THEse objects are concentrated in THE settlements from south to souTHEast of Iran in THE coastal strip of THE Persian Gulf, and from THE Oman Sea to THE Zagros intermountain valleys, as well as in THE northwest and norTHEast of Iran. THE biological origin can be placed in THE norTHErn shores of THE Oman Sea to THE Gulf of Kutch on THE norTHErn coast of THE Indian Ocean. It seems that with THE growth and development of urbanization in Southwest Asia and especially THE development of sea trade, oysters have been traded as valuable goods and oTHEr prestige goods. THE importance of THE shell findings is more than THE value of THE shells THEmselves because THEy were used as sacred goods in religious affairs. Analysis of THE fields where THE shells were discovered is more related to cemeteries and temples as sacred spaces. Also, THE significant presence of Lambis shells for THE production of specific ritual bowls, placed togeTHEr with bronze axes in graves, can be seen as THE reflection of a patriarchic tradition in THE social-political organisiation of THE third and second millennia B.C. Despite many excavations and THE discovery of many samples of THEse types of shells, no furTHErgoing investigation on THEse specific objects was undertaken so far. This desideratum reveals more valuable findings in THE archeology of THE Iranian plateau. THErefore, one of this article's final goals is to focus more on analyzing THE context of THE discovery of seashells in future Excavation

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    68
  • Pages: 

    203-242
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    77
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Curriculum as THE backbone of THE educational system is one of THE important factors in creating fundamental changes in THE higher education system; THE purpose of this research is to explain THE effectiveness of entrepreneurship education model from THE Islamic point of view and  THE Leader, so that it can be used to examine THE curriculum of architecture education in terms of THE realization of entrepreneurship components in students. THE method of THE current research is a mixed exploratory one, which in THE qualitative part, by examining THE views of THE Leader in his articles, books and speeches, descriptive propositions of his thought regarding THE effectiveness of entrepreneurship education were extracted with THE implication research method. In THE quantitative part, THE data was analyzed using structural equation method and using SPSS20 and smart PLS software. THE findings showed that THE model of entrepreneurship from THE Leader'spoint of view can be divided into four main pillars: vision, knowledge, skill and business. And each of THEse main pillars overlaps with THE model of effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in architecture curriculum. In this way, architecture higher education centers can, in addition to creating entrepreneurship curricula in THE field of architecture, by identifying THE potentials in THE curricula of this field, strengTHEn THE strengths and eliminate THE weaknesses in THEm. This model, while providing THE conditions for THE realization of entrepreneurship education in academic fields, provides THE context for THE implementation of a local model in THE light of Islamic orders.

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Journal: 

Quranic Doctrines

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    20
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    153-180
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    232
  • Downloads: 

    23
Abstract: 

Four important ways of religious education in THE field of beliefs are inferred in this article through THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including THE root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. THEn, we have benefited from THE inference method to find THE ways of religious education in THE Holy Quran. In THE inferential method, we have reached THE “conclusion”, which is THE method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to achieve THE methods of religious education are explained in THE following. For example, using THE Scriptures directly to know THE right actions is one of THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to reach THE way of believing in THE punishment of deeds. THE achievement of religious education methods through discovering THE nature of religion and explaining THE purpose of education on THE one hand and using THE inferential method as a research method on THE oTHEr hand is one of THE innovations of this research. THE achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational THEoretical model for formal and public education system.

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